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Readable JavaScript comes from a small set of habits that make intent easier to understand.
Start with values and structure
The first three concepts are const declarations, destructuring and meaningful default parameters. A const binding makes reassignment explicit, although an object held by that binding can still change. Destructuring can clarify which properties a function uses. Default parameters work well for simple optional values, provided a reader can understand the fallback without tracing several other functions.
Handle missing data deliberately
Optional chaining and nullish coalescing are the fourth and fifth concepts. Optional chaining stops a property access when the preceding value is null or undefined. Nullish coalescing supplies a fallback for those two values, preserving valid values such as zero or an empty string. Choose these operators because their behavior matches the data contract, rather than simply to shorten the code.
Transform collections with care
The sixth and seventh concepts are map and filter. Mapping creates a new collection from transformed values, while filtering selects matching entries. A short transformation can be expressive, but a long chain with hidden side effects becomes difficult to debug. Name intermediate results when doing so helps explain the business rule.
Make boundaries visible
The final three concepts are async/await, structured error handling and modules. Async functions can make asynchronous work easier to follow, but rejected operations still need an intentional response. Distinguish an expected empty result from a real failure. Modules help give code a clear boundary: export a focused interface and keep details private when other parts of the application do not need them.